Barbiturates primarily affect which part of the body?

Barbiturates primarily affect the central nervous system (CNS). This class of drugs acts as central nervous system depressants, which means they slow down brain activity and can induce sedation, hypnosis, and anesthesia. They work by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, leading to a calming effect on the body. This mechanism is why barbiturates are often used for anxiety, insomnia, and seizure management.

While the cardiovascular and respiratory systems may be indirectly affected due to the CNS depression caused by barbiturates, the direct action of these drugs is primarily on the CNS. The digestive system is not significantly influenced by barbiturates in terms of their primary mechanisms or therapeutic effects. Thus, understanding that barbiturates primarily target the central nervous system clarifies their primary functions and risks associated with their use.